“首代說新法”之美國(guó)大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)篇

《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》實(shí)施已逾8個(gè)月，各地“捷報(bào)頻傳”。迄今，已有超過200家代表機(jī)構(gòu)成功注冊(cè)。本期“首代說新法”采訪了美國(guó)大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)（TNC）的首代馬晉紅女士，與大家分享TNC在注冊(cè)過程中和成功注冊(cè)后的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和思考。

TNC’s Story in China  TNC在中國(guó)

What is TNC’s story in China? When and why did TNC come to China?How does its mission in China relate to the general mission of TNC?  

TNC與中國(guó)有何淵源？TNC何時(shí)以及為什么來到中國(guó)？在中國(guó)的使命與其整體的使命如何關(guān)聯(lián)？

1

The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a leading global conservation organization. Founded in 1951, TNC operates in 69 countries with its worldwide office in Arlington, Virginia. TNC has over 1,000,000 members and 3,700 employees, including 600+ scientists. TNC has helped protect more than 1,600 protected areas covering a total of 500,000 square kilometers of land, 8,000 kilometers of river sections, and more than 100 marine ecoregions worldwide.

大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)（TNC）是國(guó)際上最大的非營(yíng)利性的自然環(huán)境保護(hù)組織之一，成立于1951年，總部位于美國(guó)弗吉尼亞阿靈頓市，項(xiàng)目遍及72個(gè)國(guó)家及地區(qū)，擁有100多萬(wàn)名會(huì)員、600余名科學(xué)家及3700多名員工。在全球，TNC管護(hù)著總面積超過50萬(wàn)平方公里的1600多個(gè)自然保護(hù)區(qū)，8000公里長(zhǎng)的河流及100多個(gè)海洋生態(tài)區(qū)。

2

Since its establishment, TNC has been emphasizing a science-based field conservation approach. We use a non-confrontational, collaborative approach in working closely with governments, the business community and others to carry out conservation constructively while accounting for community livelihoods so that people and nature can live in harmony.

自創(chuàng)立以來，TNC形成了以科學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的保護(hù)工作方法，秉承 “非對(duì)抗”的工作方式，與政府相關(guān)部門、企業(yè)界等機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)性地開展保護(hù)工作，并充分考慮改善當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的生計(jì)，力求人與自然的和諧相處。

3

TNC’s mission is to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. As one of the most biodiversity-rich countries on Earth, China is of great significance to the overall mission of TNC. In 1998, TNC was invited by the Chinese government to enter China to carry out conservation work, first implementing conservation projects in northwestern Yunnan in China, one of the global biodiversity hotspots.

TNC致力于在全球保護(hù)具有重要生態(tài)價(jià)值的陸地和水域。作為地球上生物多樣性最豐富的國(guó)家之一，中國(guó)對(duì)于TNC的整體使命有著重大的意義。1998年，TNC應(yīng)中國(guó)政府的邀請(qǐng)進(jìn)入中國(guó)開展保護(hù)工作，首先在全球生物多樣性熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)之一的滇西北實(shí)施保護(hù)項(xiàng)目。

What are some of your proudest projects in China? What are some major milestones that TNC has achieved over the years in China?

TNC在中國(guó)最引以為豪的項(xiàng)目有哪些？在過去這些年中，TNC在中國(guó)取得了哪些里程碑式的成就？

1

After TNC entered China, we mainly carried out protection work in Yunnan in the early years. TNC worked with the Yunnan Provincial Government to develop the Conservation and Development Action Plan for Northwest Yunnan and explored a strategy to balance nature conservation and community development. TNC worked with local government agencies to develop a national park model, piloted on the ground in: Pudacuo, Shangri-la county; Meili Snow Mountain, Deqin county; and Laojun Mountain in Lijiang prefecture.

TNC進(jìn)入中國(guó)后，早期主要在云南開展保護(hù)工作，與云南省政府共同編制了《滇西北保護(hù)與發(fā)展行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》，探索出一條平衡自然保護(hù)與社區(qū)發(fā)展的路徑，TNC與地方政府合作探索國(guó)家公園模式，并在香格里拉普達(dá)措、梅里雪山和麗江老君山開展實(shí)踐，推動(dòng)成立中國(guó)第一批國(guó)家公園。

2

After nearly two decades of exploration in China, TNC has achieved remarkable results in areas such as lands, freshwater, climate change, oceans and cities.

經(jīng)過在中國(guó)近二十年的探索，TNC在保護(hù)土地、淡水、氣候變化、海洋和城市等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域取得了卓越成效：

保護(hù)地

Lands

In 2010, TNC cooperated with the Ministry of Environmental Protection to carry out the China Biodiversity Conservation Blueprint Project to identify 32 China's terrestrial biodiversity conservation prioritized areas, which were incorporated into the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030). In 2011, with the support of the Sichuan provincial government, TNC worked with partners to create China’s first non-governmental land trust reserve in Old Creek, Pingwu County, Sichuan, one of the giant pandas’ critical habitats and incubated a local NGO -- Old Creek Nature Conservation Center to be in charge of the daily management of this reserve. After the model was endorsed by the State Forestry Administration and the local government, it has been promoted in wider areas of Bayuelin of Leshan, Sichuan and Xihaicao of Heqing, Yunnan and other places. We will introduce and replicate this model to more areas in the future.

2010年，TNC與環(huán)保部合作開展中國(guó)生物多樣性保護(hù)遠(yuǎn)景規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目，識(shí)別出中國(guó)32個(gè)陸地生物多樣性保護(hù)優(yōu)先區(qū)，該結(jié)果被國(guó)務(wù)院納入《中國(guó)生物多樣性保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略與行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》（2011-2030年）。2011年，在四川省政府支持下，TNC與合作伙伴在大熊貓的核心棲息地——四川省平武縣老河溝創(chuàng)建了中國(guó)第一個(gè)民間自然保護(hù)地，并在當(dāng)?shù)胤趸褶k非企業(yè)“老河溝自然保護(hù)中心”作為該保護(hù)區(qū)的日常管理機(jī)構(gòu)。該模式獲得國(guó)家林業(yè)局以及地方政府認(rèn)可后，已經(jīng)在四川樂山的八月林、云南鶴慶的西草海等地得到了推廣。我們今后將在更多的地區(qū)介紹和推廣這一模式。

氣候變化

Climate Change

In 2007, TNC first successfully developed and implemented a project that secured gold medal class certification by CCBA (Community, Climate & Biodiversity Alliance). Later TNC continued to implement several gold medal-certified projects in Sichuan, Yunnan and Inner Mongolia planting more than 25 million trees on 13,300 hectares. It is expected that those projects will help sequester 3.2 million metric tons of carbon (CO2e).

2007年，成功開發(fā)和實(shí)施了全球第一個(gè)氣候、社區(qū)、生物多樣性森林碳匯（CCB）金牌項(xiàng)目。隨后，TNC在四川、云南和內(nèi)蒙繼續(xù)實(shí)施了多個(gè)CCB金牌認(rèn)證造林碳匯項(xiàng)目，共造林20萬(wàn)畝，種植樹木總數(shù)達(dá)到2500多萬(wàn)棵。預(yù)計(jì)這些項(xiàng)目未來將生成320萬(wàn)噸的碳匯量（二氧化碳當(dāng)量）。

淡水

Fresh water

In 2011, TNC participated in and supported China Three Gorges Corporation to change the traditional operation mode of the dam. We initiate an e-flows demonstration project for restoring fish resources on the Yangtze. In 2012, TNC entered into a Letter of Intent for the Yangtze-Mississippi Green Partnership on behalf of the U.S. Department of State with Yangtze River Basin Fishery Resources Management Commission – the first NGO-led partnership ever formed under the China-US Green Partnership Framework. Last year, TNC issued the “China Urban Water Blueprint”, which assessed the water quality of the water sources that supply water to 30 cities and towns in the country, and proposed ecosystem conservation based approaches to conservation of China’s urban water sources, including the introduction of the ‘water fund’ concept. Recently, TNC innovatively created China’s first trust-based small water source protection program at the Longwu Reservoir in Yuhang District of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, thereby contributing to water source protection and drinking water safety in China.

2011年，TNC參與并支持三峽總公司改變大壩傳統(tǒng)調(diào)度運(yùn)行方式，啟動(dòng)為恢復(fù)長(zhǎng)江魚類資源釋放生態(tài)流量的三峽大壩運(yùn)行管理示范。2012年，TNC代表美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院與長(zhǎng)江漁業(yè)資源管理委員會(huì)簽署了一份“長(zhǎng)江—密西西比河綠色合作伙伴意向書”。這是第一個(gè)中美綠色合作伙伴關(guān)系框架內(nèi)由非政府組織主導(dǎo)的合作伙伴關(guān)系。去年，TNC發(fā)布了《中國(guó)城市水藍(lán)圖》報(bào)告，對(duì)中國(guó)30個(gè)大中型城市水源地的水質(zhì)情況進(jìn)行了分析，并提出以“生態(tài)治水”方法作為保護(hù)中國(guó)城市水源地生態(tài)的基本策略，包括將“水基金”的概念引入中國(guó)。最近，TNC在浙江余杭龍塢以及淳安千島湖開展“水基金”項(xiàng)目，以機(jī)制創(chuàng)新的方式，為中國(guó)水源地的保護(hù)和飲水安全貢獻(xiàn)力量。

海洋

Oceans

In 2016, China launched the ocean initiative formally. The ocean initiative’s five-year plan is: to introduce and demonstrate typical coastal habitat restoration techniques and develop restoration toolbox; to promote the establishment of a coastal habitat restoration center, to mobilize social resources to participate in coastal habitat restoration, to promote the use of nature infrastructure as the government’s preferred solution for reducing natural disasters and recovering coastal ecosystem services.

2016年，TNC正式啟動(dòng)中國(guó)的海洋保護(hù)項(xiàng)目，未來5年的目標(biāo)是：通過引進(jìn)、示范具有代表性的海岸棲息地的修復(fù)技術(shù)并開發(fā)工具包，推動(dòng)建立中國(guó)海岸帶生態(tài)修復(fù)中心，動(dòng)員社會(huì)力量參與海岸帶生態(tài)修復(fù)，推動(dòng)政府將藍(lán)色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施作為恢復(fù)海岸帶生態(tài)功能及減災(zāi)防災(zāi)的主要手段。

城市

Cities

Launched in 2016, the city initiative will seek to deliver policy recommendations on and demonstrate how world class sponge cities can be developed through our first pilot City of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, for which an agreement for cooperation has been signed.

2016年，TNC啟動(dòng)中國(guó)城市項(xiàng)目，旨在為在中國(guó)創(chuàng)建世界級(jí)海綿城市提供政策建議并通過我們?cè)趶V東省深圳市實(shí)施的第一個(gè)試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行示范；TNC現(xiàn)已與深圳市政府簽署合作協(xié)議。

3

Through field conservancy work in China for nearly two decades, TNC has successfully transplanted our successful project and management experience in other countries and regions to China, and has accumulated a lot of valuable field experience of protecting China's unique cultural and ecological environment. We have successfully integrated various social resources and summarized a set of ecological environment governance model suitable for China.

通過在中國(guó)近二十年的實(shí)地保護(hù)工作，TNC已成功將在其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)的項(xiàng)目與管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)移植到了中國(guó)，積累了大量在中國(guó)特殊的人文和生態(tài)環(huán)境下開展保護(hù)工作的實(shí)地經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并且成功地將各種社會(huì)資源整合，總結(jié)出一套適合中國(guó)的生態(tài)環(huán)境治理模式。

4

In China, eco-environmental protection is still a relatively new field. China currently has more than 2,700 nature reserves of different types and different levels, but many nature reserves still need to learn from foreign experience and lessons in terms of managing and planning for the protected areas. During our conservational work, many domestic environmental charities, nature reserves and government departments that have cooperated with us have asked whether TNC can provide services to them in terms of internal control system design, protected area planning, project design, personnel training and technical training, etc. Also, companies have asked us whether we can provide consultancy service in designing energy-saving emission reduction schemes and provide other scientific guidance to implement corporate social responsibility programs.

在中國(guó)，生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)還是相對(duì)而言比較新的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。中國(guó)目前有2700多個(gè)不同類型、不同級(jí)別的自然保護(hù)區(qū)，但很多自然保護(hù)區(qū)在如何管理、規(guī)劃等領(lǐng)域還需要借鑒國(guó)外的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在保護(hù)工作中，有不少合作過的國(guó)內(nèi)環(huán)保慈善機(jī)構(gòu)、自然保護(hù)區(qū)或者政府部門都詢問是否可以聘請(qǐng)TNC為其提供制定內(nèi)部管理制度、保護(hù)區(qū)規(guī)劃，提供具體項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)、人員培訓(xùn)、技術(shù)培訓(xùn)等；也曾有具有社會(huì)責(zé)任心的公司、企業(yè)詢問TNC是否可以為其提供節(jié)能減排環(huán)保方案、提供科學(xué)指導(dǎo)等服務(wù)。

5

We believe that these services are of great value to our cause of environmental protection. If the relevant authorities allow us to charge a reasonable fee to cover the direct and indirect costs in providing such services, we are willing to share our international and domestic experience and scientific knowledge accumulated over the years to partners in China and mutually improve our ability to do good.

這些服務(wù)對(duì)中國(guó)的環(huán)保事業(yè)有很大價(jià)值，如果各有關(guān)機(jī)關(guān)允許收取合理的費(fèi)用以承擔(dān)為此投入的人力和物力成本，TNC也希望把自己在國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)多年積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科學(xué)知識(shí)分享給境內(nèi)的合作伙伴，共同發(fā)展提高。

Pre-ONGO Law 

《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》頒布之前

 What was TNC's legal status before the ONGO Law?  

在《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》頒布之前，TNC的在中國(guó)的法律地位是什么樣的？

1

In 1998, when TNC initially entered China, we operated in accordance with the Memorandum of Cooperation with the Yunnan Provincial People's Government on the Proposal on the Project of the National Parks in the Northwest Yunnan River Basin. At that time, we registered TNC Yunnan Office with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and our scope of operations were to carry out relevant non-profit activities based on the Yunnan government's memorandum.

1998年，TNC最初進(jìn)入中國(guó)時(shí)依據(jù)的是與云南省人民政府簽訂的《關(guān)于<滇西北大河流域國(guó)家公園項(xiàng)目>建議的合作備忘錄》，當(dāng)時(shí)在國(guó)家工商總局注冊(cè)登記了美國(guó)大自然保護(hù)云南辦事處，業(yè)務(wù)范圍為依據(jù)與云南政府的備忘錄，開展相關(guān)非營(yíng)利性活動(dòng)。

2

In 2010, TNC Yunnan Office submitted its documents for record to Yunnan Provincial Civil Affairs Department according to the Interim Provisions on the Regulation of Overseas Non-Governmental Organizations in Yunnan Province. Thus, our Yunnan Office became a documented ONGO representative office in Yunnan and it carries out biodiversity conservation work under the guidance of Yunnan Forestry Department. In 2017, TNC registered The Nature Conservancy Beijing Representative Office with the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau according to the ONGO Law.

2010年，TNC云南辦事處根據(jù)《云南省規(guī)范境外非政府組織活動(dòng)暫行規(guī)定》在云南省民政廳備案，成為在滇境外非政府組織代表機(jī)構(gòu)，在業(yè)務(wù)指導(dǎo)單位云南省林業(yè)廳的指導(dǎo)下開展生物多樣性保護(hù)工作。2017年，TNC根據(jù)《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》在北京市公安局登記注冊(cè)了大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)（美國(guó)）北京代表處。

How closely did you follow the development of the ONGO Law? Did you participate in the legislative drafting process?

你們是否曾緊密關(guān)注中國(guó)《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》的發(fā)展？你們是否曾就該法向有關(guān)部門提交過立法意見或建議？ 

1

Since May 2015, when the National People's Congress released the draft of the ONGO Law, we have spent a lot of time and energy to study relevant issues and have been actively engaged in discussions and coordination with our headquarters. We have not submitted any legislative suggestions to the authorities.

自從2015年5月全國(guó)人大在其網(wǎng)站發(fā)布了法律草案，我們就花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間和精力來研究相關(guān)問題，也與總部就此進(jìn)行了積極的討論與協(xié)調(diào)。我們沒有向有關(guān)部門提交過立法建議。

Registration Process 登記代表機(jī)構(gòu)過程

 How did you start preparing for your registration? How did you establish contact with relevant departments?  

你們是如何開始準(zhǔn)備登記的？是如何和有關(guān)部門建立聯(lián)系的？

1

After an in-depth study of the ONGO Law, we realized that the biggest challenge for ONGOs to register representative offices in China was to find a suitable PSU and obtain their consent. Therefore, we have been constantly communicating with potential PSUs since the second half of 2016. Ever since 2004, TNC has formally established a partnership with the State Forestry Administration of China. We have had a history of cooperation for more than 10 years and we know each other very well. So the State Forestry Administration agreed to be our PSU quite naturally. We are very grateful to the State Forestry Administration for their support for our work.

在深入研究《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》后，我們意識(shí)到，境外非政府組織在中國(guó)登記設(shè)立代表機(jī)構(gòu)的最大難點(diǎn)在于尋找到合適的業(yè)務(wù)主管單位并取得其同意，因此我們從2016年下半年就開始不斷的與潛在的主管單位溝通。TNC自2004年起就與中國(guó)國(guó)家林業(yè)局正式建立了合作伙伴關(guān)系，雙方有著十幾年的合作歷史，彼此都比較了解，所以國(guó)家林業(yè)局同意擔(dān)任我們的業(yè)務(wù)主管單位。我們十分感激國(guó)家林業(yè)局對(duì)我們工作的支持。

2

After confirming the PSU, the process of registering the representative office was proceeding smoothly, and our registered area of activities is nationwide. We are quite impressed with the enthusiastic, professional and conscientious assistance from the officers at the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau. We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude on this platform of “Shan Jian” to the State Forestry Administration and the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau for their support and acknowledgement of our work in China.

在確定了業(yè)務(wù)主管單位以后，我們登記設(shè)立代表處的過程進(jìn)行得非常順利。我們?cè)诘怯涍^程中也深切地感受到了北京市公安局境外非政府組織管理辦公室各位警官熱心、專業(yè)和盡職的態(tài)度。在這里，我們也想借此機(jī)會(huì)向國(guó)家林業(yè)局和北京市公安局表示衷心的感謝，感謝他們對(duì)TNC在中國(guó)活動(dòng)的肯定和支持。

How did you communicate with your headquarters overseas and within your field office? 

你們是如何與海外的總部，以及中國(guó)辦公室內(nèi)部的同事溝通的？

1

From the second half of 2016, TNC China Program has been notifying everyone at the monthly meetings of the executives and the quarterly meetings of the staff on the implementing progress of the ONGO Law, the compliance measures that TNC needs to take, as well as the progress of our registration.

從2016年下半年開始，TNC中國(guó)項(xiàng)目在高管的月會(huì)和全體員工的季會(huì)上都會(huì)及時(shí)向全體人員報(bào)告《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》的實(shí)施動(dòng)態(tài)、TNC需要采取的合規(guī)行動(dòng)以及登記的進(jìn)展情況等。

2

Our headquarters has been following closely about the impact of the promulgation of the ONGO Law on TNC’s activities in China and conducted a lot of discussion and research. In the process of application for registration of our Beijing Representative Office, they have also offered great support, and actively cooperated in providing the required materials.

我們總部也一直很關(guān)心法律出臺(tái)后可能對(duì)TNC在中國(guó)的活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的影響，并對(duì)此做了大量的討論和研究。在申請(qǐng)登記設(shè)立北京代表處的期間，更是給予了中國(guó)項(xiàng)目極大的支持，積極配合提供了申請(qǐng)所需的各種材料。

Looking Forward 展望未來

What role would PSU play in your future work? What kind of help do you expect your PSU to provide for your work in the future? How is the communication with your PSU going? 

設(shè)立代表機(jī)構(gòu)以后，業(yè)務(wù)主管部門在你們今后的工作中具體扮演什么角色？在未來開展活動(dòng)過程中，你們希望他們?cè)谀男┓矫娼o予你們指導(dǎo)和幫助？目前你們與業(yè)務(wù)主管部門的溝通進(jìn)展如何？

1

According to the ONGO Law, TNC Beijing Representative Office shall be subject to the dual management of our PSU (the State Forestry Administration) and the registration authority (the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau), especially at the end of each year, we need to submit to our PSU an annual plan for our activities in the following year. We shall also submit the annual plan to the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau following approval by the State Forestry Administration.

根據(jù)中國(guó)《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》，TNC北京代表處應(yīng)當(dāng)受業(yè)務(wù)主管單位（國(guó)家林業(yè)局）和登記管理機(jī)關(guān)（北京市公安局）的雙重管理，特別是每年年底都應(yīng)當(dāng)將下一年擬在中國(guó)境內(nèi)開展的所有活動(dòng)做成年度活動(dòng)計(jì)劃報(bào)請(qǐng)國(guó)家林業(yè)局批準(zhǔn)，在國(guó)家林業(yè)局同意后，再報(bào)請(qǐng)北京市公安局備案。

2

We will strictly comply with the requirements of the law. For all activities to be carried out in China by TNC, we will seek approval by the State Forestry Administration and file the record with the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau in advance according to the requirements aforementioned. If due to any special circumstances we need to make adjustments to our plan, we will promptly consult the State Forestry Administration and the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau and carry out the activities only after such adjustments have been approved.

我們將嚴(yán)格遵循法律的要求，對(duì)于所有TNC擬在中國(guó)境內(nèi)開展的活動(dòng)都按時(shí)提前提交國(guó)家林業(yè)局批準(zhǔn)并報(bào)北京市公安局備案，以確保他們能夠?qū)ξ覀冊(cè)谥袊?guó)境內(nèi)的活動(dòng)進(jìn)行有效的監(jiān)督和管理；如果在特殊情況下確實(shí)對(duì)活動(dòng)計(jì)劃做小幅度調(diào)整，我們也會(huì)及時(shí)請(qǐng)示國(guó)家林業(yè)局和北京市公安機(jī)關(guān)的意見，經(jīng)過兩家主管部門同意后，再行開展。

3

As for matters that are not clearly specified in the ONGO Law, we will also consult the State Forestry Administration and the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau in advance to ensure that our activities in China are in compliance with Chinese legal requirements.

對(duì)于《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》中沒有明文規(guī)定的事項(xiàng)，我們也會(huì)事先請(qǐng)示國(guó)家林業(yè)局和北京市公安局的意見，以確保我們?cè)谥袊?guó)境內(nèi)的活動(dòng)符合中國(guó)法律要求。

Do you face any challenges in your future work? What issue areas do you expect the relevant departments to provide detailed and clear guidance on? 

是否有在哪些方面遇到障礙或者不清楚的地方？你們遇到障礙的原因是什么？你們希望有關(guān)部門今后能夠在哪些領(lǐng)域能夠提供更細(xì)致、清晰的指導(dǎo)？

1

It has only been a short period of time since the ONGOs took effect and we’ve encountered some practical problems. For example, like I mentioned earlier, many Chinese environmental NGOs, nature reserves and governments would like to seek field conservation planning consultancy and scientific guidance from TNC, and even Chinese enterprises would like to hire TNC to prepare emission reduction plans. We are ready to share our experience and expertise and we want to know whether charging reasonable fees for such professional service and consultancy (provided by us within our RO’s registered scope of business) to cover the direct and indirect costs incurred by us would count as “other funds legally acquired in the mainland of China” stipulated in the ONGO law.

《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》生效的時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)，我們?cè)趯?shí)踐過程也確實(shí)遇到了一些疑惑。譬如說，不少國(guó)內(nèi)環(huán)保慈善組織、自然保護(hù)區(qū)管理機(jī)構(gòu)以及政府部門希望可以請(qǐng)TNC為其制定保護(hù)區(qū)規(guī)劃、提供科學(xué)指導(dǎo)等，甚至國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)也希望TNC為其制訂節(jié)能減排的方案。TNC也愿意分享自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)，并且我們也希望知道，如果我們?cè)诖硖幍怯涀?cè)的業(yè)務(wù)范圍之內(nèi)就此類專業(yè)服務(wù)收取合理費(fèi)用以支持我們投入的人力和物力成本，是否屬于《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》中關(guān)于其他合法資金來源的一種。

2

When the representative office conducts various projects, it will accordingly need to sign contracts with various contracting partners. We are not sure in what name the representative office should sign its contracts and how it could issue relevant invoices to its contracting partners.

代表機(jī)構(gòu)開展項(xiàng)目，會(huì)涉及與不同合作方簽訂協(xié)議。以總部的名義還是代表機(jī)構(gòu)的名義簽訂協(xié)議，如何為對(duì)方提供相應(yīng)票據(jù)的問題。

What hopes do you have for the future in terms of ONGO Law implementation? Do you have any suggestions for the ONGO Law implementing authorities? 

對(duì)未來《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》的實(shí)施，你有什么期待？對(duì)于實(shí)施這一法律的政府部門，你有什么建議？

1

The public benefit sector is an essential part for a society with a sound social security system. It is even more so for China, which is undergoing critical social changes and economic transformation. A healthy and vigorous public benefit sector not only balances efficiency and fairness, promote social stability, nurture civil society, but also has extraordinary significance for the construction of a socialist harmonious society.

公益事業(yè)是一個(gè)健全的社會(huì)保障體系的必要組成部分。對(duì)于正處于關(guān)鍵轉(zhuǎn)型期、社會(huì)利益格局正發(fā)生劇烈變化的中國(guó)來說更是如此。健康、蓬勃發(fā)展的公益事業(yè)不僅能夠有效兼顧效率與公平、促進(jìn)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、構(gòu)建公民社會(huì)，而且對(duì)于構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)更是具有非同尋常的意義。

 2

Many ONGOs working in China are renowned internationally. Over the years, they have acquired rich and advanced project and management experience through conducting nonprofit activities around the world. They also value and have enthusiasm for public benefic undertakings in China. Since the implementation of the ONGO Law, the Chinese government has expressed an open and welcome attitude towards ONGOs' activities in China. We have heard that as of now more than 200 ONGOs have successfully registered their representative offices at different levels of public security departments. It is foreseeable that in the near future, there will be more ONGOs obtaining legal status in China.

很多在華活動(dòng)的境外非政府組織在國(guó)際上都享譽(yù)盛名，多年來通過在世界各地的公益活動(dòng)積累了大量先進(jìn)、豐富的項(xiàng)目和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)中國(guó)公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展也是高度重視?！毒惩夥钦M織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》實(shí)施以來，中國(guó)政府也對(duì)境外非政府組織來華活動(dòng)展示了開明、歡迎的態(tài)度。據(jù)悉，截至目前已陸續(xù)有200多家境外非政府組織在各級(jí)公安部門順利登記設(shè)立了代表機(jī)構(gòu)?？梢灶A(yù)見在未來，會(huì)有更多的境外非政府組織在中國(guó)獲得合法身份。

3

Certainly, registering representative offices according to the law is only a premise for conducting nonprofit activities in China in the long term. After registration, how the representative offices of ONGO shall carry out activities in accordance with the law and how relevant government departments oversee and supervise such activities of ONGOs will directly determine the effects of the implementation of the ONGO Law and whether ONGOs can healthily survive in China and contribute to the development China’s public benefit undertakings.

合法登記設(shè)立代表機(jī)構(gòu)只是境外非政府組織在中國(guó)境內(nèi)長(zhǎng)期開展活動(dòng)的前提，有了合法身份后，境外非政府組織代表處應(yīng)如何按照法律規(guī)定開展活動(dòng)、有關(guān)部門將如何對(duì)此進(jìn)行管理亦是《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》貫徹落實(shí)的后續(xù)問題，更將直接決定境外非政府組織能否在中國(guó)健康生存并為中國(guó)公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大貢獻(xiàn)力量。

4

If these registered ONGOs can survive and develop in China, not only will China's public benefit undertakings be greatly promoted, but also the increase and development of domestic charitable organizations will be greatly enhanced. It is important to know that due to the human resources and legal status limitations, most ONGOs tend to cooperate with domestic charitable organizations in the implementation of many specific projects in China. Such cooperation is a very valuable opportunity for both sides to learn from each other. In the past two decades of environment protection work, TNC has nurtured and incubated many domestic charitable organizations.

如果這些已經(jīng)登記的境外非政府組織的代表機(jī)構(gòu)能夠在中國(guó)生存并發(fā)展下去的，不僅將對(duì)中國(guó)的公益事業(yè)有極大的推動(dòng)作用，而且對(duì)中國(guó)境內(nèi)的慈善組織的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展壯大也將是極大的助力。由于人力、身份等因素，大多境外非政府組織代表處在中國(guó)很多具體項(xiàng)目的執(zhí)行上勢(shì)必需要與境內(nèi)的慈善組織開展合作。這樣的合作對(duì)雙方而言都是非常寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒的機(jī)會(huì)。TNC在過去二十年的保護(hù)工作中，就培育、孵化了不少境內(nèi)公益組織。

5

Therefore, we hope that legislative and administrative authorities can answer the questions we raised above soon and make clear the activities that ONGOs are allowed to carry out so that we can conduct activities in China strictly according to the provisions of Chinese law and make our contributions to the development of the public benefit sector of China.

因此，我們希望法律和監(jiān)管部門能夠早日對(duì)我們提到的幾點(diǎn)疑惑作出解答，明確境外非政府組織代表處可以在中國(guó)境內(nèi)進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)，以便我們能夠嚴(yán)格按照中國(guó)法律的規(guī)定，在中國(guó)開展公益活動(dòng)，為中國(guó)公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大貢獻(xiàn)出一份力量。

What did you learn during this process? What are some suggestions and tips you will have for the ONGO community? How do you think TNC’s experience can benefit other ONGOs? 

在TNC在中國(guó)的注冊(cè)過程中，你收獲到了什么? 你對(duì)其他的境外非政府組織有什么建議或提示嗎？你認(rèn)為TNC的經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)給其他的境外非政府組織帶來怎樣的益處？

1

As an overseas NGO, we are obligated to comply with laws and regulations in any county where we conduct activities. The Overseas ONGO Law has only been effective for a short period of time while China’s Charity Law and its charitable sector are still in a key stage of reform and development. Therefore, it is understandable that we encounter some confusion and questions after registering our representative office. 

作為境外非政府組織，在任何一個(gè)國(guó)家活動(dòng)都必須遵守所在國(guó)的法律規(guī)定。《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動(dòng)管理法》生效的時(shí)間還不長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)的慈善法和慈善行業(yè)也正處于探索和蓬勃發(fā)展的重要時(shí)期，境外非政府組織在中國(guó)成功登記設(shè)立代表處后，在未來相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)肯定會(huì)遇到不少疑惑和困難。

2

It is an inevitable process. For the confusion and questions that may occur, we think ONGOs should communicate with their PSUs and the public security departments in a timely and active manner, ask for their advice on the specific situation and adjust their activities accordingly. As for those activities that relevant authorities cannot give certain directions on for the time being, ONGOs shall refrain from doing them and wait patiently for further notice from the relevant authorities.

這是一個(gè)不可避免的過程。對(duì)于遇到的困難和疑惑，我們認(rèn)為境外非政府組織代表處應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)、積極地與業(yè)務(wù)主管單位和公安部門溝通、請(qǐng)示，并根據(jù)主管單位的意見開展、調(diào)整自己的活動(dòng)；對(duì)于暫時(shí)確實(shí)無法得到明確指示的活動(dòng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)不予開展，耐心等待有關(guān)機(jī)關(guān)的進(jìn)一步通知。

3

According to our experience, our PSU as well as the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau are both very helpful and active in answering our inquiries, and whenever they can, are always willing to offer us their guidance and help us solve our difficulties. We believe that with the joint efforts, ONGOs can legally and robustly thrive under the Chinese law and make sustained contribution to the development of China's public benefit undertakings together with their Chinese counterparts.

根據(jù)我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不論是我們的業(yè)務(wù)主管單位還是北京市公安局，在接待我們的咨詢時(shí)都非常地?zé)嵝摹⒅鲃?dòng)，對(duì)于能夠回答的問題、能夠幫助協(xié)調(diào)的困難都會(huì)及時(shí)地給予指導(dǎo)和幫助。相信在大家的共同努力下，境外非政府組織代表處可以在中國(guó)法律下合法、茁壯地成長(zhǎng)，與中國(guó)的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)一起為中國(guó)公益事業(yè)地發(fā)展持續(xù)做出貢獻(xiàn)。

About the Chief Representative Joyce Ma

首席代表馬晉紅女士 

Joyce Ma is the Chief Representative of the Nature Conservancy Beijing Representative Office, overseeing all operations and management of TNC in China.

馬晉紅女士是大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)北京代表處的首席代表，全面負(fù)責(zé)大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)在中國(guó)的運(yùn)營(yíng)和管理工作。

Prior to joining TNC, Ms. Ma worked as the Executive Vice President of Ericsson Northeast Asia and General Manager of China Unicom Business Unit, Human Resources Director of Ericsson Greater China, and President of Ericsson China Academy. She has acquired rich work and management experience.

在加入大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)之前，馬晉紅女士曾任愛立信東北亞區(qū)執(zhí)行副總裁兼中國(guó)聯(lián)通事業(yè)部總經(jīng)理、愛立信大中華區(qū)的人力資源總監(jiān)、愛立信中國(guó)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)等職務(wù)。積累了豐富的工作及管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

After joining the Nature Conservancy, Ms. Ma introduced TNC’s experience of more than 60 years in protecting lands, fresh water, climate change, oceans and cities to China, and implemented projects in an innovative way to promote China's sustainable development process.

加入大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)以后，馬晉紅女士把大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)積累了60多年的在保護(hù)土地、淡水、氣候變化、海洋及城市方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)引入到中國(guó)，并用創(chuàng)新的思維來實(shí)踐，推動(dòng)中國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展進(jìn)程。

She will lead a team of nearly 70 people to promote TNC’s projects in Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Shanghai, Zhejiang project in larger arears and spread TNC’s environment protection work to other provinces in China.

她將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)近70人的團(tuán)隊(duì)把大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)在云南、內(nèi)蒙古、四川、上海、浙江的項(xiàng)目發(fā)揚(yáng)光大，未來把保護(hù)足跡擴(kuò)大到中國(guó)其他省區(qū)。